The Cover-up
1. Regardless of the outcome, should the President of the United States have a right to privacy in regards to the Oval Office tapes? Explain.
Of course the President should have the right to privacy.
2. Was President Nixon justified when he fired special prosecutor Archibald Cox? Explain.
No it was not justified because he is taking out his competition its kind of like killing but instead firing.
3. Was Nixon creating a Constitutional crisis by refusing to hand-over the tapes? Explain.
No because he has the right to privacy and yes because he is not cooperating with the Senate and the tapes are part of a crime investigation.
Closure
4. Why do you think the American public was so outraged by Watergate?
Having the president, chief of staff, chief domestic advisor, attorney general, and the president of counsel committing crimes such as burglary and misdemeanors made the public people scared and angry because they cheated to win an election.
5. Do you think President Nixon should have resigned? Explain.
Yes because he took part in crime and did everything listed below.
6. Do you think President Nixon should have been prosecuted? Explain.
I think he should have been prosecuted because he was involved in the crime. He was involved in the WaterGate and he tried covering it up by using the CIA and he destroyed 18 1/2 minutes of the tape which is valuable evidence.
Sunday, May 30, 2010
Monday, May 24, 2010
Women Fight for Equality
1. Experiences in the workplace
Women had a lot of experience in the workplace because they would do there jobs for little or no pay even when doing the same jobs as men.
2. Experiences in social activism
Women would often take part in social activities but would often get brushed aside by men.
3. "Consciousness raising"
Women developed this, which is a small group of women talking about there concerns and shared there lives with each other and finding out that they are similar. They often face sexism and discrimination based on their gender.
4. Feminism
Is the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men.
5. Betty Friedan and The Feminine Mystique
She was a writer who said that she had a loving husband, healthy children, and she lived in the Suburbs. This is all true but she was not happy because women do everything around the house, cook, clean, and watch the kids but they get no reward and the least they can do is get paid and she is pretty much saying she is not getting equal rights as men.
6. Civil Rights Act of 1964
A law that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national origin, or religion in public places and most work places.
7. National Organization for Women (NOW)
This organization placed kids in childcare facilities so that there mothers are able to get an education and a job.
8. Gloria Steinem and Ms. Magazine
She is a journalist, political activist, a supporter of the Women's Liberation Movement, made her voice known about her views on feminism and equality, she founded the National Women's Political Caucus, and the Ms. Magazine designed to treat issues from a feminists perspective.
9. Congress
10. Supreme Court
11. The Equal rights Amendment would have guaranteed equal rights under the law, regardless of gender. Who opposed this amendment? Why?
Radical Feminists because in there minds they hate men, marriage, and children. Conservative religious groups, political organizations, and anti-feminists because they believed that the ERA would create a disaster by drafting women, end the laws protecting homemakers, the end of husbands taking the responsibility to provide for his family, and the same sex marriages.
Women had a lot of experience in the workplace because they would do there jobs for little or no pay even when doing the same jobs as men.
2. Experiences in social activism
Women would often take part in social activities but would often get brushed aside by men.
3. "Consciousness raising"
Women developed this, which is a small group of women talking about there concerns and shared there lives with each other and finding out that they are similar. They often face sexism and discrimination based on their gender.
4. Feminism
Is the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men.
5. Betty Friedan and The Feminine Mystique
She was a writer who said that she had a loving husband, healthy children, and she lived in the Suburbs. This is all true but she was not happy because women do everything around the house, cook, clean, and watch the kids but they get no reward and the least they can do is get paid and she is pretty much saying she is not getting equal rights as men.
6. Civil Rights Act of 1964
A law that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national origin, or religion in public places and most work places.
7. National Organization for Women (NOW)
This organization placed kids in childcare facilities so that there mothers are able to get an education and a job.
8. Gloria Steinem and Ms. Magazine
She is a journalist, political activist, a supporter of the Women's Liberation Movement, made her voice known about her views on feminism and equality, she founded the National Women's Political Caucus, and the Ms. Magazine designed to treat issues from a feminists perspective.
9. Congress
10. Supreme Court
11. The Equal rights Amendment would have guaranteed equal rights under the law, regardless of gender. Who opposed this amendment? Why?
Radical Feminists because in there minds they hate men, marriage, and children. Conservative religious groups, political organizations, and anti-feminists because they believed that the ERA would create a disaster by drafting women, end the laws protecting homemakers, the end of husbands taking the responsibility to provide for his family, and the same sex marriages.
Monday, May 3, 2010
The U.S. struggles against the Communist in Vietnam
1a) Were the armies finely balanced or was the balance strongly weighted to one side or the other?
They were strongly weighted towards the U.S.
1b) Which quality was most important in determining who won the war? Was one feature so important that being ahead in that area meant that other advantages or disadvantages did not matter? Yes because having good effective war tactics and motivated men is all you need to win a war it is not the gun that makes a person scary it is the shooter.
They were strongly weighted towards the U.S.
1b) Which quality was most important in determining who won the war? Was one feature so important that being ahead in that area meant that other advantages or disadvantages did not matter? Yes because having good effective war tactics and motivated men is all you need to win a war it is not the gun that makes a person scary it is the shooter.
Monday, April 26, 2010
The U.S. Attempts to Contain Cuba
1. Why was Cuba so important to the United States?
Cuba is so important to the U.S. because the U.S. owned most of the businesses on the island and they have a huge naval base there on there allies soil.
2. Why do you think the Americans chose to equip Cuban exiles rather than invading themselves?
They did not want to get involved with Castro so they had anti-Castro exiles do the job for them.
3. Why did the invasion fail?
The Cuban exiles were inexperienced, outnumbered, and they did not have modern weapons.
4. Compare Source 17 on page 345 (in the Arms Race.pdf reading) with Source 24 on page 348. Describe how the Soviet Union missiles on Cuba changed the Cold War balance of power.
The Soviet Union set up Nuclear missile sites and had ICBM's in Cuba which scared the U.S. greatly because of nuclear war.
Cuba is so important to the U.S. because the U.S. owned most of the businesses on the island and they have a huge naval base there on there allies soil.
2. Why do you think the Americans chose to equip Cuban exiles rather than invading themselves?
They did not want to get involved with Castro so they had anti-Castro exiles do the job for them.
3. Why did the invasion fail?
The Cuban exiles were inexperienced, outnumbered, and they did not have modern weapons.
4. Compare Source 17 on page 345 (in the Arms Race.pdf reading) with Source 24 on page 348. Describe how the Soviet Union missiles on Cuba changed the Cold War balance of power.
The Soviet Union set up Nuclear missile sites and had ICBM's in Cuba which scared the U.S. greatly because of nuclear war.
Friday, April 9, 2010
The Arms Race
1. Read Source 12. What methods do you think Dulles had in mind to 'liberate captive peoples' without a war? Dropping an atomic bomb or hydrogen bomb.
2. Look at Source 13. Would you agree that the Communist world was encircled? Explain your answer.I agree that the Communists world is encircled because NATO, SEATO, and CENTO are surrounding the U.S.S.R.
3. Carefully examine the verticle timeline on page 343. Then look back at Source 12. Do you think the development of nuclear weapons was what Dulles might have had in mind?I think Dulles had this in mind because the U.S.S.R tested more nuclear and hydrogen bombs than the US and the had the first satelite in space and the first man in space which is scary because they could spy and use nuclear and hydrogen bombs.
4. Look at Source 16. What is the Soviet cartoon saying about the U-2 plane?
The U-2 is a very high tech plane used for spying.
5. Read the Factfile on page 344. Explain why the USSR was so angry about the US spy flights.The US said that they would not spy on them and they did.
6. How would the USA justify this violation of Soviet territory?
They would make organizations to destroy communism.
7. If the USSR had had U-2 planes, do you think it would have used them? Why?
Of course the Soviet Union would use spy planes because they can get very important info.
8. Look at Source 17. Why do you think the USA had missiles based in Europe?
It would be easy to bomb the Soviets and they could send icbms to anywhere else.
9. Define the term 'nuclear deterrent' in not more than 20 words
A nuclear deterrent is the phrase used to refer to a country's nuclear weapons arsenal, when considered in the context of deterrence theory.
Deterrence theory holds that nuclear weapons are intended to deter other states from attacking with their nuclear weapons, through the promise of retaliation and mutually assured destruction (MAD). It can also be assigned as a response to an attack by conventional forces; for example, the doctrine of massive retaliation threatened to launch US nuclear weapons in response to Soviet attacks.
In order for a nuclear deterrent to be successful, a country must preserve its second-strike capability. A nuclear deterrent is sometimes composed of a nuclear triad, as in the case of the nuclear weapons owned by the United States. Other countries, such as the United Kingdom, have only sea-based nuclear weapons.
2. Look at Source 13. Would you agree that the Communist world was encircled? Explain your answer.I agree that the Communists world is encircled because NATO, SEATO, and CENTO are surrounding the U.S.S.R.
3. Carefully examine the verticle timeline on page 343. Then look back at Source 12. Do you think the development of nuclear weapons was what Dulles might have had in mind?I think Dulles had this in mind because the U.S.S.R tested more nuclear and hydrogen bombs than the US and the had the first satelite in space and the first man in space which is scary because they could spy and use nuclear and hydrogen bombs.
4. Look at Source 16. What is the Soviet cartoon saying about the U-2 plane?
The U-2 is a very high tech plane used for spying.
5. Read the Factfile on page 344. Explain why the USSR was so angry about the US spy flights.The US said that they would not spy on them and they did.
6. How would the USA justify this violation of Soviet territory?
They would make organizations to destroy communism.
7. If the USSR had had U-2 planes, do you think it would have used them? Why?
Of course the Soviet Union would use spy planes because they can get very important info.
8. Look at Source 17. Why do you think the USA had missiles based in Europe?
It would be easy to bomb the Soviets and they could send icbms to anywhere else.
9. Define the term 'nuclear deterrent' in not more than 20 words
A nuclear deterrent is the phrase used to refer to a country's nuclear weapons arsenal, when considered in the context of deterrence theory.
Deterrence theory holds that nuclear weapons are intended to deter other states from attacking with their nuclear weapons, through the promise of retaliation and mutually assured destruction (MAD). It can also be assigned as a response to an attack by conventional forces; for example, the doctrine of massive retaliation threatened to launch US nuclear weapons in response to Soviet attacks.
In order for a nuclear deterrent to be successful, a country must preserve its second-strike capability. A nuclear deterrent is sometimes composed of a nuclear triad, as in the case of the nuclear weapons owned by the United States. Other countries, such as the United Kingdom, have only sea-based nuclear weapons.
Tuesday, April 6, 2010
Eisenhower & The Cold War
How did the United States react to the following 7 events, and why?
1. The Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949. The U.S. was in an arms race and they wanted to be the first to make a Hydrogen bomb. People feared that they might die or blow up the world. Truman feared that the Soviet Union would launch a nuclear bomb and target the U.S.
2. In 1951, the Iranian prime minister placed the oil industry in Iran under the Iranian government’s control. This angered the U.S. because they owned the oil in Iran but the Iranian prime minister put it under his control.
3. The Guatemalan head of government gave American-owned land in Guatemala to peasants.
This angered the U.S. because they owned the land and it is not right to give it away especially to peasants.
4. In 1956, Britain, France, and Israel invaded Egypt and occupied the Suez Canal.
This angered the U.S. because Egypt was using them only as an aid.
5. Soviet tanks invaded Hungary and fired on protesters in 1956.
This angered the U.S. because Soviets are using tanks and killing innocent people just because they protest, disagree, and don't support them.
6. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik.
This was scary to the Americans because they did not know if the satellite in space was a weapon or a way of spying.
7. In 1960, the Soviet Union brought down an American U-2 piloted by Francis Gary Powers.
This angered the U.S. because they had an agreement that no U-2 planes would be used to spy on other countries but they both used them for protection and this angered them both.
1. The Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949. The U.S. was in an arms race and they wanted to be the first to make a Hydrogen bomb. People feared that they might die or blow up the world. Truman feared that the Soviet Union would launch a nuclear bomb and target the U.S.
2. In 1951, the Iranian prime minister placed the oil industry in Iran under the Iranian government’s control. This angered the U.S. because they owned the oil in Iran but the Iranian prime minister put it under his control.
3. The Guatemalan head of government gave American-owned land in Guatemala to peasants.
This angered the U.S. because they owned the land and it is not right to give it away especially to peasants.
4. In 1956, Britain, France, and Israel invaded Egypt and occupied the Suez Canal.
This angered the U.S. because Egypt was using them only as an aid.
5. Soviet tanks invaded Hungary and fired on protesters in 1956.
This angered the U.S. because Soviets are using tanks and killing innocent people just because they protest, disagree, and don't support them.
6. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik.
This was scary to the Americans because they did not know if the satellite in space was a weapon or a way of spying.
7. In 1960, the Soviet Union brought down an American U-2 piloted by Francis Gary Powers.
This angered the U.S. because they had an agreement that no U-2 planes would be used to spy on other countries but they both used them for protection and this angered them both.
Monday, April 5, 2010
The Red Scare (1950s).
1. HUAC- The House Un-American Committee was the most famous committee that investigated communist influences inside and outside the U.S. government for the years following World War II.
2. Blacklist- A list of about 500 actors, writers, produsers, and directors who were not allowed to work on Hollywood films because of their alleged Communist connections.
3. Alger Hiss- He was accused of being a communist spy for the Soviets.
4. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg- Were spies who gave intel to the Soviets about the U.S.
making an atomic bomb so they started to build one too.
5. Joseph McCarthy- Was a senator who was poor when it came to legislation. He said that Communists were taking over the government.
6. McCarthyism- Accusing people without any evidence.
7. In a paragraph, describe the motivations and actions of Joseph McCarthy during the 1950s. What prompted his actions? What did he do? What happened as a result of his actions? When Joseph McCarthy realized that he would not win the election he began to make false accusations telling lies and he was sent to jail.
2. Blacklist- A list of about 500 actors, writers, produsers, and directors who were not allowed to work on Hollywood films because of their alleged Communist connections.
3. Alger Hiss- He was accused of being a communist spy for the Soviets.
4. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg- Were spies who gave intel to the Soviets about the U.S.
making an atomic bomb so they started to build one too.
5. Joseph McCarthy- Was a senator who was poor when it came to legislation. He said that Communists were taking over the government.
6. McCarthyism- Accusing people without any evidence.
7. In a paragraph, describe the motivations and actions of Joseph McCarthy during the 1950s. What prompted his actions? What did he do? What happened as a result of his actions? When Joseph McCarthy realized that he would not win the election he began to make false accusations telling lies and he was sent to jail.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
Dropping the Atomic Bomb
1. What factors have affected viewpoints on Truman's decision?
The production rates of his enemies. They would not surrender.
2. Do you think he made the right decision? Give your reasons.
He wanted the war to end and if the Japanese did not surrender he would drop the bomb so they refused and he did.
The production rates of his enemies. They would not surrender.
2. Do you think he made the right decision? Give your reasons.
He wanted the war to end and if the Japanese did not surrender he would drop the bomb so they refused and he did.
Thursday, March 11, 2010
War in the Pacific
1. What was the importance of the Battle of Midway?
It was a turning point in war because they can island hop. Allied spies found out that Japan was going to attack Midway Island because that was there next target so the Allies had time to set up and defend Midway Island. They blew up Planes before they could even take off from there aircraft carriers.
2. What strategy did the United States adopt in fighting Japan?
Island hopping was the strategy they adopted from Japan because they did it to them during Pearl Harbor so now they can use it.
3. Why did the Japanese fight so hard on Iwo Jima?
Iwo Jima was controlled by the Japanese who had 20,700 men entrenched in tunnels and in caves with guns.
4. Why did the Allies believe Okinawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan?
Because they were out numbered and they were doing everything in there power to defeat the US in war.
5. What was the Manhattan Project?
The Manhattan Project was the development of an atomic bomb which was the best kept secret.
6. Ultimately, why did President Truman decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan?
He wanted the war to end and if the Japanese did not surrender he would drop the bomb so they refused and he did.
It was a turning point in war because they can island hop. Allied spies found out that Japan was going to attack Midway Island because that was there next target so the Allies had time to set up and defend Midway Island. They blew up Planes before they could even take off from there aircraft carriers.
2. What strategy did the United States adopt in fighting Japan?
Island hopping was the strategy they adopted from Japan because they did it to them during Pearl Harbor so now they can use it.
3. Why did the Japanese fight so hard on Iwo Jima?
Iwo Jima was controlled by the Japanese who had 20,700 men entrenched in tunnels and in caves with guns.
4. Why did the Allies believe Okinawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan?
Because they were out numbered and they were doing everything in there power to defeat the US in war.
5. What was the Manhattan Project?
The Manhattan Project was the development of an atomic bomb which was the best kept secret.
6. Ultimately, why did President Truman decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan?
He wanted the war to end and if the Japanese did not surrender he would drop the bomb so they refused and he did.
Monday, March 8, 2010
War for Europe & North Africa
1. To what did Roosevelt and Churchill agree early in the war?
They both believed that they should attack Hitler first because it would be easier to send reinforcements for the war in the Pacific.
2. Why was winning the Battle of the Atlantic so crucial to the fortunes of the Allies?
They were able to still trade with Great Britain and not have to worry about Hitler sinking our ships.
3. Why was the Battle of Stalingrad so important?
It was a turning point in the war because the Soviet Union stopped Hitler from taking over there resources by using the cold winter season against Germany and cutting off there supplies.
4. What happened in the war in North Africa?
The US and the Soviet Union fought North Africa because they were aiding Germany in the war. Africa was not able to provide reinforcements for Germany because they were at war with the US and Soviet Union.
5. What happened after the Allies invaded Italy?
Mussolini was forced to resign and was hated through out Italy.
They both believed that they should attack Hitler first because it would be easier to send reinforcements for the war in the Pacific.
2. Why was winning the Battle of the Atlantic so crucial to the fortunes of the Allies?
They were able to still trade with Great Britain and not have to worry about Hitler sinking our ships.
3. Why was the Battle of Stalingrad so important?
It was a turning point in the war because the Soviet Union stopped Hitler from taking over there resources by using the cold winter season against Germany and cutting off there supplies.
4. What happened in the war in North Africa?
The US and the Soviet Union fought North Africa because they were aiding Germany in the war. Africa was not able to provide reinforcements for Germany because they were at war with the US and Soviet Union.
5. What happened after the Allies invaded Italy?
Mussolini was forced to resign and was hated through out Italy.
Mobilizing for WWII.
1. Selective Service System- was a document for enlisting in war. The gov. was trying to get as many men as they could to help aid the soldiers in combat. The enlistment was for any man that was the age 17 and up. These men had to be trained because they were ordinary citizens wanting to help fight in the war and had no expierience.
2. Women- were given any job in the war as long as it was not in engaging combat. They could drive ambulances, they could be nurses, pilots,and telephone operators etc.
3. Minorities- any race other than white was segregated and were denied citizenship
they question why fight for democracy if they dont even have it.
4. Manufacturers-factories were made into war production facilities. Making pencils turned into making bombs, making bed spreads turned into making mosquito nets,Soft drinks turned into making explosives and gunshells.
5. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)- Scientists were made to research and develope new technology like radar, sonar, DDT, Penicilin, and the atomic bomb.
6 Entertainment industry- helped make propaganda posters and make recruiting posters and posters to make people to support our troops.
7. Office of Price Administration (OPA)- fought inflation by freezing wages, prices, and rents. They would ration foods, like meat, butter, cheese, vegetables, sugar, and coffee.
8. War Production Board (WPB)- rationed fuel and materials vital to the war effort, such as gasoline, heating oil, metals, rubber, and plastics.
9. Rationing- fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military. Ration books were coupons that would let you buy scarce goods like meat, shoes, sugar , coffee, and gasoline.
2. Women- were given any job in the war as long as it was not in engaging combat. They could drive ambulances, they could be nurses, pilots,and telephone operators etc.
3. Minorities- any race other than white was segregated and were denied citizenship
they question why fight for democracy if they dont even have it.
4. Manufacturers-factories were made into war production facilities. Making pencils turned into making bombs, making bed spreads turned into making mosquito nets,Soft drinks turned into making explosives and gunshells.
5. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)- Scientists were made to research and develope new technology like radar, sonar, DDT, Penicilin, and the atomic bomb.
6 Entertainment industry- helped make propaganda posters and make recruiting posters and posters to make people to support our troops.
7. Office of Price Administration (OPA)- fought inflation by freezing wages, prices, and rents. They would ration foods, like meat, butter, cheese, vegetables, sugar, and coffee.
8. War Production Board (WPB)- rationed fuel and materials vital to the war effort, such as gasoline, heating oil, metals, rubber, and plastics.
9. Rationing- fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military. Ration books were coupons that would let you buy scarce goods like meat, shoes, sugar , coffee, and gasoline.
Friday, March 5, 2010
Japan and U.S. Relations in 1941
Document A
*By advancing to the South will make Japan strong
*They will provide aid to Germany and Italy so they can defeat England
*Increases the chance that China will surrender and the Soviet Union
*They can take over major sources of strategic materials hurting the US
*They will create a ring over Asia
*They will be able to conquer any country that was hostile toward them
*They will have the power to defeat the US and England
Document B
*Japan is boasting that they have like a blockade around Asia
*The US thinks of Japan as no threat and that they are crazy.
Document C
*The US is making in fun of Japan because they feel superior
*Japan tried to be peaceful and wants to negotiate but the US is avoiding them
*Japan then says that the Pacific will not be peaceful anymore meaning war
Document D
*We will try hard to make our government and military stronger
*They will try hard to make there nation united
*They will bring war and achieve victory
Document E
*Japan disobeyed there emperors and attacked the US when they were trying to make peace
*Japan used peacefullness to there advantage by seeming good but they were actually bad and attacked the US
*Japanese victory
*By advancing to the South will make Japan strong
*They will provide aid to Germany and Italy so they can defeat England
*Increases the chance that China will surrender and the Soviet Union
*They can take over major sources of strategic materials hurting the US
*They will create a ring over Asia
*They will be able to conquer any country that was hostile toward them
*They will have the power to defeat the US and England
Document B
*Japan is boasting that they have like a blockade around Asia
*The US thinks of Japan as no threat and that they are crazy.
Document C
*The US is making in fun of Japan because they feel superior
*Japan tried to be peaceful and wants to negotiate but the US is avoiding them
*Japan then says that the Pacific will not be peaceful anymore meaning war
Document D
*We will try hard to make our government and military stronger
*They will try hard to make there nation united
*They will bring war and achieve victory
Document E
*Japan disobeyed there emperors and attacked the US when they were trying to make peace
*Japan used peacefullness to there advantage by seeming good but they were actually bad and attacked the US
*Japanese victory
Monday, February 8, 2010
New Deal Essay Outline
Thesis is- Hoover made little progress during his time as president but he took action too late. Roosevelt on the other hand took action and his actions were a success.
Talk about in body Paragraphs what is below
Judgement of the "Hows" (Successes / Failures / In-between)
Relief: Emergency Banking Act, FDIC, FERA, which produced the Civil Works Admin. that quickly provided some jobs. Fast immediate actions that addressed hunger and poverty.
Reform: SEC, CCC, AAA, PWA - actions that focused on banking, farming and labor reforms.
Recovery: NRA, TVA, Wagner Act, Social Security - long-term actions that focused on fixing problems of the past so the future would be better.
Consider the success/failure of Hoover's philosophy and programs.
Herbert Hoover's Attempts to Deal with the Great Depression
Philosophy of Government: Believed that a chief function of government was to encourage voluntary cooperation among competing interest groups; believed that the federal government should guide relief measures but not directly participate in them.
0. Had Congress authorize $500 million for Public Works Programs (Hoover Dam is an example of this federal stimulus)
0. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) - Government lends money($2 billion) to insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and state and local governments (Trickle Down theory) - Good example of government involvement in economy but too little, too late.
0. Federal Home Loan Bank Act - Lowered mortgage rates for homeowners and allowed farmers to refinance their farm loans and avoid foreclosure.
Consider FDR's programs:
Relief: Emergency Banking Act, FDIC, FERA, which produced the Civil Works Admin. that quickly provided some jobs. Fast immediate actions that addressed hunger and poverty.
Reform: SEC, CCC, AAA, PWA - actions that focused on banking, farming and labor reforms.
Recovery: NRA, TVA, Wagner Act, Social Security - long-term actions that focused on fixing problems of the past so the future would be better.
Summary of New Deal:
Did not end the Great Depression
Many agricultural problems unsolved, especially for southern Blacks and tenant farmers
Did restore national hope
Controls were built into the economy to avert future crises
--Federal Securities Act of 1933 and SEC (1934)
The Government as “broker state” between states. (TVA)
Restoration of confidence in U.S. government and economy—but both different than before 1932
Successes of the "Hundred Days"
Banking
TVA and CCC
Farmers
Labor
Restored confidence and stopped investors pulling money out of the banks.
Banking measures saved 20% of homeowners and farmers from repossesion.
Farmers were 50% better off under AAA by 1936.
TVA brought electrical power to underdeveloped areas.
Public Works Administration created 600,000 jobs and built landmarks like San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge and the Supreme Court Building.
Backlash: Critics of the New Deal:
Critics: Huey Long and Father Coughlin
Legislation and anti-union violence
Court Packing attempt by FDR
New Deal too complicated - too many codes and regulations
Government should not support trade unions; not support calls for higher wages - allow free market to deal with these issues.
TVA creates unfair competition with private businesses.
New Deal schemes like economic programs in the U.S.S.R. - The U.S. is a democratic, free-market.
Court Packing plan by FDR
Anti-union violence
Despite opposition from Republicans and the business community, FDR had the support of voters. He won the 1936 election with the highest margin of victory ever to that point.
He stated: "Everyone is against the New Deal except the voters."
TVA
Authorized in 1933, the Tennessee Valley Authority was envisioned as much more than a series of dams on the Tennessee River and its tributaries. The TVA was expected to have a significant impact on local conservation and environmental health concerns in the region and to contribute to its social and economic improvement. The TVA was controversial from the outset, because it was a federal electrical service that competed with private power interests.
Packing the Supreme Court
Supreme Court Rules NRA unconstitutional in Schechter Poultry Corporation v. U.S. (1935) AAA and other programs would also be ruled unconstitutional.
U.S. found the company in violation of NRA codes because:
It sold diseased chickens
Filed inflated sales claims
Exploited workers
Threatened government workers
Reasoning for decision:
The poultry company was a small company - and most small firms objected the most to limits on hours and wages
Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes for the majority: “Extraordinary conditions do not create or enlarge constitutional power.”
Congress cannot relegate power to the executive branch, even in an emergency
NRA infringes on “freedom of contract,” through industrial price and wage codes
Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that the federal government overstepped its bounds. NRA unconstitutional. Took power from the states.
FDR decides to "pack" the court with 6 more justices favorable to him.
Constitution doesn't specify number of justices. Since 1869 court had always had 9.
Feb. 1937: FDR asks Congress for power to appoint an additional judge for every current judge over 70, who hadn't retired. (Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937) (Court-Packing Plan)
Oops! : Public turned on him. That separation of powers idea. He is acting like a dictator.
Conservative politicians had a great excuse not to support his programs.
Moot point: Court began upholding his other New Deal programs. His biggest critic on the bench retired in May 1937, leaving FDR with a 6-3 majority.
The fight left FDR politically weak. Opponents learned they could "attack" him and still be re-elected.
1937 Recession and 1938 Election
Sept. 1, 1939: World War II begins as Germany attacks Poland - War material orders from the allies helped support American businesses. Once the U.S. entered, unemployment dropped dramatically.
Counter-argument (Consider the opinions of the critics of the "New Deal")
Make a list of the main complaints and suggestions of those who felt the New Deal did not do enough.
Huey Long and his "Share the Wealth" program
Former Governor of Louisiana (1928-32)
Senator during New Deal
Very popular with the common person
Helped build roads, hospitals, provided textbooks and lunches to school children, went after big businesses, such as Standard Oil
"Share the Wealth" program
Large tax on large incomes
100% tax on incomes over $1 million
Redistribute income, pay for public works, provide people with jobs.
National minimum wage
Shortened work week
Immediate payment of WWI bonuses
"Everyman is a King."
Long is assassinated in Sept. 1935, removing possible threat to FDR's second term.
Talk about in body Paragraphs what is below
Judgement of the "Hows" (Successes / Failures / In-between)
Relief: Emergency Banking Act, FDIC, FERA, which produced the Civil Works Admin. that quickly provided some jobs. Fast immediate actions that addressed hunger and poverty.
Reform: SEC, CCC, AAA, PWA - actions that focused on banking, farming and labor reforms.
Recovery: NRA, TVA, Wagner Act, Social Security - long-term actions that focused on fixing problems of the past so the future would be better.
Consider the success/failure of Hoover's philosophy and programs.
Herbert Hoover's Attempts to Deal with the Great Depression
Philosophy of Government: Believed that a chief function of government was to encourage voluntary cooperation among competing interest groups; believed that the federal government should guide relief measures but not directly participate in them.
0. Had Congress authorize $500 million for Public Works Programs (Hoover Dam is an example of this federal stimulus)
0. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) - Government lends money($2 billion) to insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and state and local governments (Trickle Down theory) - Good example of government involvement in economy but too little, too late.
0. Federal Home Loan Bank Act - Lowered mortgage rates for homeowners and allowed farmers to refinance their farm loans and avoid foreclosure.
Consider FDR's programs:
Relief: Emergency Banking Act, FDIC, FERA, which produced the Civil Works Admin. that quickly provided some jobs. Fast immediate actions that addressed hunger and poverty.
Reform: SEC, CCC, AAA, PWA - actions that focused on banking, farming and labor reforms.
Recovery: NRA, TVA, Wagner Act, Social Security - long-term actions that focused on fixing problems of the past so the future would be better.
Summary of New Deal:
Did not end the Great Depression
Many agricultural problems unsolved, especially for southern Blacks and tenant farmers
Did restore national hope
Controls were built into the economy to avert future crises
--Federal Securities Act of 1933 and SEC (1934)
The Government as “broker state” between states. (TVA)
Restoration of confidence in U.S. government and economy—but both different than before 1932
Successes of the "Hundred Days"
Banking
TVA and CCC
Farmers
Labor
Restored confidence and stopped investors pulling money out of the banks.
Banking measures saved 20% of homeowners and farmers from repossesion.
Farmers were 50% better off under AAA by 1936.
TVA brought electrical power to underdeveloped areas.
Public Works Administration created 600,000 jobs and built landmarks like San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge and the Supreme Court Building.
Backlash: Critics of the New Deal:
Critics: Huey Long and Father Coughlin
Legislation and anti-union violence
Court Packing attempt by FDR
New Deal too complicated - too many codes and regulations
Government should not support trade unions; not support calls for higher wages - allow free market to deal with these issues.
TVA creates unfair competition with private businesses.
New Deal schemes like economic programs in the U.S.S.R. - The U.S. is a democratic, free-market.
Court Packing plan by FDR
Anti-union violence
Despite opposition from Republicans and the business community, FDR had the support of voters. He won the 1936 election with the highest margin of victory ever to that point.
He stated: "Everyone is against the New Deal except the voters."
TVA
Authorized in 1933, the Tennessee Valley Authority was envisioned as much more than a series of dams on the Tennessee River and its tributaries. The TVA was expected to have a significant impact on local conservation and environmental health concerns in the region and to contribute to its social and economic improvement. The TVA was controversial from the outset, because it was a federal electrical service that competed with private power interests.
Packing the Supreme Court
Supreme Court Rules NRA unconstitutional in Schechter Poultry Corporation v. U.S. (1935) AAA and other programs would also be ruled unconstitutional.
U.S. found the company in violation of NRA codes because:
It sold diseased chickens
Filed inflated sales claims
Exploited workers
Threatened government workers
Reasoning for decision:
The poultry company was a small company - and most small firms objected the most to limits on hours and wages
Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes for the majority: “Extraordinary conditions do not create or enlarge constitutional power.”
Congress cannot relegate power to the executive branch, even in an emergency
NRA infringes on “freedom of contract,” through industrial price and wage codes
Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that the federal government overstepped its bounds. NRA unconstitutional. Took power from the states.
FDR decides to "pack" the court with 6 more justices favorable to him.
Constitution doesn't specify number of justices. Since 1869 court had always had 9.
Feb. 1937: FDR asks Congress for power to appoint an additional judge for every current judge over 70, who hadn't retired. (Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937) (Court-Packing Plan)
Oops! : Public turned on him. That separation of powers idea. He is acting like a dictator.
Conservative politicians had a great excuse not to support his programs.
Moot point: Court began upholding his other New Deal programs. His biggest critic on the bench retired in May 1937, leaving FDR with a 6-3 majority.
The fight left FDR politically weak. Opponents learned they could "attack" him and still be re-elected.
1937 Recession and 1938 Election
Sept. 1, 1939: World War II begins as Germany attacks Poland - War material orders from the allies helped support American businesses. Once the U.S. entered, unemployment dropped dramatically.
Counter-argument (Consider the opinions of the critics of the "New Deal")
Make a list of the main complaints and suggestions of those who felt the New Deal did not do enough.
Huey Long and his "Share the Wealth" program
Former Governor of Louisiana (1928-32)
Senator during New Deal
Very popular with the common person
Helped build roads, hospitals, provided textbooks and lunches to school children, went after big businesses, such as Standard Oil
"Share the Wealth" program
Large tax on large incomes
100% tax on incomes over $1 million
Redistribute income, pay for public works, provide people with jobs.
National minimum wage
Shortened work week
Immediate payment of WWI bonuses
"Everyman is a King."
Long is assassinated in Sept. 1935, removing possible threat to FDR's second term.
Thursday, January 28, 2010
Causes of the Great Depression Outline
The Wall Street Crash was an important cause of the Great Depression.
The Wall Street Crash consisted of tariffs and war debt policies,that cut down the foreign market for American goods, a crisis in the farm sector,the availability for easy credit, an unequal distribution of income. The Hawley- Smoot Tariff
The Wall Street Crash consisted of tariffs and war debt policies,that cut down the foreign market for American goods, a crisis in the farm sector,the availability for easy credit, an unequal distribution of income. The Hawley- Smoot Tariff
Monday, January 25, 2010
Causes & Early Effects of the Great Depression
1. What happened on "Black Tuesday"?
People who had bought stocks on credit went in debt because the prices plummeted.
2. How did the economic trends of the 1920s in industry, agriculture, and with consumers help cause the Great Depression? (Make sure you include significant details about each area in your answer. It should be at least a paragraph)
New inventions such as hydroelectric power,fuel and oil, and natural gas took place of coal and lumber mining. Railroads lost profit because cars and buses were being built. During WWI prices rose and farmers were taken out loans to buy more tools to harvest more grain because people needed more grain. But the farmers were going in to debt because they could not pay off there loans and they were making more crops than they could sell.
3. According to your reading, what are the major causes of the Great Depression?
Tarrifs and war debt polocies that would cut down foreign markets for American goods.
A crisis in the farm sector.
The availability for easy credit.
An unequal destribution of income.
4. What was Hoover’s philosophy of government?
Hoover's philosophy was that Americans have to take care of themselves and there families and not depend on the gov. to bail them out by giving them loans.
5. What was Hoover’s initial reaction to the stock market crash of 1929?
Hoover's reaction to the stock market crash of 1929 was that he needed to help the Americans but he could not solve the economic problem.
6. What was the nation’s economic situation in 1930?
The economic situation was the Great Depression.
7. How did voters in 1930 respond to this situation?
People went to durastic measures to make the gov., stores, and bussiness increase there prices by burning crops, dumping milk on the sides of roads, some people refused to work, and people blockaded roads so no food could be transported in or out of towns.
8. What did Hoover do about the economic situation?
Hoover did what the American people wanted him to do and that was that he would lower the prices. He did this by making the Federal Home Loan Bank Act and the Recon
struction Finance Corporation which failed.
9. How did the economy respond to his efforts?
The economy did not change as quickly as it should of. The smaller bussinesses would not recieve the money from the larger bussinesses until it was too late.
People who had bought stocks on credit went in debt because the prices plummeted.
2. How did the economic trends of the 1920s in industry, agriculture, and with consumers help cause the Great Depression? (Make sure you include significant details about each area in your answer. It should be at least a paragraph)
New inventions such as hydroelectric power,fuel and oil, and natural gas took place of coal and lumber mining. Railroads lost profit because cars and buses were being built. During WWI prices rose and farmers were taken out loans to buy more tools to harvest more grain because people needed more grain. But the farmers were going in to debt because they could not pay off there loans and they were making more crops than they could sell.
3. According to your reading, what are the major causes of the Great Depression?
Tarrifs and war debt polocies that would cut down foreign markets for American goods.
A crisis in the farm sector.
The availability for easy credit.
An unequal destribution of income.
4. What was Hoover’s philosophy of government?
Hoover's philosophy was that Americans have to take care of themselves and there families and not depend on the gov. to bail them out by giving them loans.
5. What was Hoover’s initial reaction to the stock market crash of 1929?
Hoover's reaction to the stock market crash of 1929 was that he needed to help the Americans but he could not solve the economic problem.
6. What was the nation’s economic situation in 1930?
The economic situation was the Great Depression.
7. How did voters in 1930 respond to this situation?
People went to durastic measures to make the gov., stores, and bussiness increase there prices by burning crops, dumping milk on the sides of roads, some people refused to work, and people blockaded roads so no food could be transported in or out of towns.
8. What did Hoover do about the economic situation?
Hoover did what the American people wanted him to do and that was that he would lower the prices. He did this by making the Federal Home Loan Bank Act and the Recon
struction Finance Corporation which failed.
9. How did the economy respond to his efforts?
The economy did not change as quickly as it should of. The smaller bussinesses would not recieve the money from the larger bussinesses until it was too late.
Thursday, January 7, 2010
The Twenties Woman
1. Note two ways women's fashions changed.
The Flapper
2. Note two ways women's social behavior changed.
Women began to smoke and drink. They also changed their view on marriage.
3. Note two words that describe the attitude reflected by these changes.
Rebellion and Equality
4. Note one way women's work opportunities improved.
Factories, offices, stores,and professions.
5. Note two ways women's home and family life improved.
Machinery and products.
6. Note three negative effects that accompanied women's changing roles in the 1920s.
Teens rebelled against their parents, peer-pressure, the stress of woman's jobs.
The Flapper
2. Note two ways women's social behavior changed.
Women began to smoke and drink. They also changed their view on marriage.
3. Note two words that describe the attitude reflected by these changes.
Rebellion and Equality
4. Note one way women's work opportunities improved.
Factories, offices, stores,and professions.
5. Note two ways women's home and family life improved.
Machinery and products.
6. Note three negative effects that accompanied women's changing roles in the 1920s.
Teens rebelled against their parents, peer-pressure, the stress of woman's jobs.
Wednesday, January 6, 2010
Prohibition and the Scopes Trial
The Volstead Act is stupid because taking away something like alcohol will not solve every problem in the world. How can someone believe that alcohol alone leads to crime, wife and child abuse. Yes it may help but these things can happen even if your not intoxicated. Taking something away from someone causes trouble like rebellion, strikes, and people have the right to stand up and explain what they believe. If they believe that you cant take away alcohol then they can believe it. Taking away something from someone just makes them angry. The government cant take all the alcohol away but they can limit, and enforce places not to sell it or have possession of it. People will ignore the law and find ways to get around it like making it themselves, selling, purchasing it where it is legal. This also involved breaking the law and caused crime.
The Scopes Trial is also stupid but I believe that this law is right because parents did not want their children who are religious that man came from apes. This is talking down to the Bible in the way man was created. The problem is that evolution is a theory and can be interpreted in many ways and not everything is supposed to be taken literally.
The Scopes Trial is also stupid but I believe that this law is right because parents did not want their children who are religious that man came from apes. This is talking down to the Bible in the way man was created. The problem is that evolution is a theory and can be interpreted in many ways and not everything is supposed to be taken literally.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)